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Application and Development Status of Luminous Textiles
Release Date:
2018/10/25
Humans have long known that there are some substances in nature that can emit light on their own.
Humans have long known that there are some substances in nature that can emit light on their own. The "pearl of the night" circulated among the people of our country has the verse "grape wine luminous cup, if you want to drink pipa, urge it immediately". The luminous pearl and luminous cup mentioned here are people's cognition of the phenomenon of self-luminous material in nature [1]. People apply luminous materials to textiles to make luminous textiles, which to some extent solves many inconveniences caused by dark environment. Such as the use of luminous materials processing work clothes, can improve work, traffic safety. The use of luminous fabrics and luminous ropes on parachutes can make night military training personnel safer. The use of luminous carpets in the cinema can not only facilitate people to find seats, but also allow people to evacuate in an orderly manner when danger occurs. In summary, the luminous textiles suitable for special environments have broad application prospects.
1 Overview of luminous materials
1.1 development history
The development of luminous materials can be divided into three stages, namely, the first generation of self-luminous materials, represented by radium discovered by Madame Curie, but with certain radiation. The second generation of self-luminous materials is represented by traditional sulfide materials, but this material has disadvantages such as toxicity to human body, low luminous brightness and short duration, so its application field is limited. The third generation of self-luminous materials, namely rare earth luminous materials, compared with the previous two generations of self-luminous materials, this material has significant advantages such as no radioactivity, longer luminescence time, and can be reused, so it occupies a pivotal position in luminescent materials [2,3]. In the research of luminous materials, Japan's Murayama Yoshihiko developed a luminous material, its brightness is 100 times higher than the traditional luminous material, but due to the luminous material particle size and hardness is larger, so it is not suitable for the manufacture of fiber. In 1998, a German company developed a green fiber by adding zinc sulfide and other luminescent materials to the spinning solution, but the light in the daily environment is difficult to meet the luminous requirements of the fiber, thus restricting its wide application. Since 2000, researchers have successively developed sheath-core luminous fibers, and two companies in the United States have developed luminous fibers, but their use is limited by adding radioactive isotopes to the 147. In China, the luminous fiber products jointly developed by Wuxi Hongyuan and Jiangnan University have filled the domestic gap and are the first in China [5].
1.2 Luminous Material Types
Materials that make objects stand out at night include reflective materials and luminous materials. The reflective material is the glass beads coated on the object, when the light to the glass bead coating, the light reflected, so that the object eye-catching. The characteristic is that there must be an incident light source when acting, and there is no incident light source. Luminous materials are just the opposite. They have exactly the same performance as ordinary substances when there is an incident light source during the day, but they do not need an incident light source in the dark state at night, that is, they can continue to emit light [6].
Luminous materials are divided into two types: self-luminous and light-storing. Self-luminous luminous material does not need to absorb energy from the outside, regardless of night or day, sustainable luminescence; light-storing luminous material, that is, when exposed to visible light, the absorption of light occurs, the light energy is stored in the fiber, there is no visible light, the energy stored in the fiber is released, resulting in the emission of light. Because the former contains radioactive substances, it is not in line with human safety and environmental protection, and its use is subject to relatively large restrictions; the latter mainly includes metal sulfides and rare earth materials. Metal sulfides are also radioactive, while rare earth luminous materials avoid this disadvantage. At the same time, its luminous brightness and duration are much better than metal sulfide luminescent materials, so it has an absolute advantage in luminous materials.
2 Types of luminous textiles
Luminous textiles mainly include two kinds: one is the luminous printing fabric using luminous printing pulp, and the other is the luminous textile made by spinning and weaving luminous fiber.
2.1 luminous printed fabric
Luminous printing fabric uses coating finishing technology to print patterns on textiles with printing paste added with luminous materials [7]. Its processing technology is basically similar to that of general paint printing. In actual production, luminous printing is generally co-printed with dyes or paints, so that garments are bright in color and rich in patterns during the day, and people can see the bright light emitted by the fabric at 5m indoors at night [8-9]. If at the same time with the pattern design, can produce the special effect of day and night color change [10]. However, due to the poor hand feeling, wearing performance, washing resistance and luminous effect of the luminous printing fabric, and the serious environmental pollution in the production and use process, the new luminous fiber fabric came into being.
2.2 luminous fiber and ordinary fiber blended fabric
Luminous fiber is a new type of high-tech functional fiber made by surface coating or special spinning process using rare earth materials as luminous bodies [11].
2.2.1 Surface coating method luminous fiber
The luminous fiber produced by the surface coating method is to dissolve the rare earth compound in an appropriate solvent, and then mix it with a certain binder to make a color paste. The fiber is put into such a color paste and subjected to coating treatment to obtain a luminous fiber. The luminous fiber obtained by this method is similar to the luminous coated fabric, because the luminescent compound is on the surface of the fiber, the washing resistance, acid and alkali resistance, etc. are not very ideal.
2.2.2 Special spinning process luminous fiber
The use of special spinning process to produce luminous fiber, that is, in the polyester material spinning solution, add rare earth aluminate luminescent materials and nano-scale additives, through the special spinning process to produce luminous polyester filament. As long as the absorption of visible light 10min, the light energy stored in the fiber, in the dark state of continuous light for more than 10h, the product is harmless, safe to use. At the same time, because the luminescent compound exists uniformly in the whole luminescent fiber, its luminous performance will not be affected by washing, and it can be recycled. At present, the domestic production of rare earth color luminous fiber, that is, under the condition of visible light, the luminous fiber can show red, yellow, blue, etc.; in the absence of visible light, by its own red light, yellow light, green light and other colors of light, with a special luminous visual effect. This kind of rare earth luminous fiber itself is colorful, and the textile products processed by it can be used without dyeing, which avoids the environmental pollution caused by the wastewater in the dyeing and finishing process. It can be called a new type of environmentally friendly fiber. At the same time, the rare earth luminous fiber has the advantages of long afterglow time, high brightness, no radioactivity, and absolute safety to the environment and human body [12-14]. Therefore, the luminous fiber produced by special spinning process is an ideal raw material for luminous textiles.
3 Application status of luminous textiles
The application field of luminous textiles is very wide. At present, there are different products in the fields of textile and clothing, decorative crafts, toys and industrial textiles. In the process of putting on the market, it has been affirmed and noticed by customers and consumers, and has produced good economic benefits. From January 2008 to November 2010, the sales of luminous fibers and products reached more than 8000 million yuan [15].
3.1 Textile And Clothing Supplies
Luminous clothing has exactly the same performance as ordinary clothing during the day, without any specificity. At present, a small amount of this kind of clothing is used in dark places such as night work and entertainment places. The International Maritime Bureau stipulates that the staff on the ocean ship must wear luminous clothing to improve the safety of their work; the stage performers wear this luminous clothing, which not only has distinct personality characteristics, but also can create a special stage effect [16]. Children wear this night luminous clothing, shoes and hats, can increase the interest of children's clothing, to meet their curiosity. The clothing made of luminous fancy yarn can attract the attention of young consumers, meet their pursuit of fashion and trend, and conform to the consumption concept of young people [17].
3.2 plush toys, embroidery crafts
In the lives of ordinary people, toys that glow at night are more popular with children and young people. Traditional luminous toys are mainly mixed with some radioactive substances, such as 35Sr, 90Sr, etc., in ordinary materials. Due to the presence of a certain radioactive hazard, it has been gradually abandoned and no longer used [18]. Instead, a new type of luminous material is used to make luminous toys. This toy is very similar to ordinary toys during the day. Once placed in a dark environment, it is transparent and attracts the attention of children and young consumers. For example, Haibao, the mascot of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, has been widely welcomed by domestic and foreign tourists after it was put on the market. As a result, similar luminous textiles are quietly popular in the toy market. The application of luminous yarn in embroidery crafts not only has special visual effects and highlights the charm of embroidery art, but also opens up the imagination space for the embroidery industry and greatly improves the added value of products [19].
3.3 industrial products
Ropes made of luminous fibers have been widely used in areas such as night rescue and night military training, which greatly improves the safety of staff. In developed fishing countries such as Japan, rare earth luminous fibers have been made into fishing nets and put into actual production. Using the phototaxis of some fish in the ocean can increase the yield of fishing to a certain extent [20]. Add luminous textiles to fire-fighting facilities and equipment. Even in a dark environment, we can immediately see firefighters and fire-fighting equipment to achieve the purpose of self-rescue and being rescued. Markers made of luminous textiles can give a warning signal to drivers driving at night to avoid traffic accidents.
Problems and Solutions of 3.4 Products
High product prices have become a bottleneck restricting the development of luminous clothing. Designers in product design, both to consider the novelty of the product, but also to consider the market acceptance. At present, the feasible method is mainly considered from the aspect of fabric blending and interweaving. On the other hand, the method of embroidery on the garment uses a small amount of luminous yarn to reduce the cost of clothing fabrics. However, with these methods, an appropriate amount of luminous fibers must be selected, which not only reduces product costs, but also has a better luminous effect.
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Shandong Codlove Blanket Co.,ltd
Shandong Cheng Qian Home Textile Co., Ltd
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